Organic Anion Transporters Essay -- Biology

The main location of the protein native anion transporter 3 is in the kidney and the function of the kidney is to mature toxins, usually in the form of organic anions, or even medications out of the body. In order to separate and transport these toxins through the blood to the kidney, specific proteins called organic anion transporters (OAT) exist. The sole function of these proteins is to bind to these molecules and take them to the kidney where they can be separated from the blood and excreted. The way these proteins work is that they have a highly specific officious site (or binding site) which has unique properties that make it prone to attaching to various organic anions.To better understand the role of OAT 3, a specific OAT protein which is present in the choroid coat plexus (spinal fluid) and the kidney, an experiment was conducted in which this protein was removed from rats by replacing the DNA code for OAT 3 with a similar, but not functional code. These OAT 3 hit rats showed an inability to transport true organic anions including toxins, hormones, and drugs.MethodsProcedures 1. Isolation of the OAT3 Gene 2. Analysis of changes in tissues of the wild type and OAT3 type 3. Northern Analysis 4. RT-PCR 5. Methods of Measuring expatriation 6. Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy1. Isolation of OAT3 geneThe strategy used here was a deletion of exon 3. An exon is a portion of a DNA molecule that codes for let out of a polypeptide, which gets expressed. So the deletion of this particular exon caused a frame-shift mutation and a premature stop codon to be brought in. This just means that the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that is transcribed from the gene gets translated normally until the ribosome co... ...family will allow humans to further expand the potentness of drug treatment. First, if the organic anion transport system could be blocked, certain medicines then would stay in the system longer that would otherwise have been excr eted. This would allow for more effective and shorter treatment. Second, not everyone has the same amount of organic anion transporters in their system, thus by genotyping a patient and discovering the amount of the transporters present in the individual, a personalized drug regiment could be devised , making it more effective for the individual. Third, by identifying the anion transported by each OAT (OAT 1-4), certain toxins could be transported out of the system much faster and prevent less damage of certain toxins to the system. By holdfast the amounts of the OAT family present doctors could speed up the recovery process.