The Transcontinental Railroad Essay -- Transportation, Railroad Compa

The Transcontinental railroad could be defined as the most monumental change in America in the 19th century. The railroad played a significant role in westward expansion and on the growth and development of the American economy (Gillon p.653). However, the construction of the transcontinental railroad may not have occurred if not for the generous support of the federal government. The federal government provided land grants and fiscal subsidies to railroad companies to ensure the construction. The transcontinental railroad contributed to the formation of perseverance and the market economy in America and forever altered the American lifestyle. The Pacific railroad bill of 1862 launched the transcontinental railroad construction project. The Pacific Railroad bill granted 6,400 acres of public lands and government loans ranging from $16,000 to $48,000 per mile of track completed to the wedding Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad companies. (Pacific Railroad Bill) Fol lowing the Pacific Railroad bill a series of federal and state acts surrounded by 1862 and 1871 granted more than 130 million acres of public land and supplied additional monetary loans of approximately $150 million dollars to the expansion of the railroads. (Gillon p.652)There is no refuting that the railroad companies trans organize business operations and encouraged industrial expansion. The raw materials required for construction of the transcontinental railroad directly resulted in the expansion of the steel, timberland and stone industries. (Gillon p.652) The railroad stimulated growth in manufacturing and agriculture providing an efficient manner to ship raw materials and products throughout the country. Which in turn, increased consumerism and introduced t... ...ich developed bracing corporations. (Gillon p.652) Many in the railroad industry and these newly developed corporations were accused of price fixing, providing illegal kick- backs and challenging government regu lations. (Gillon p.652-657) Thus, one could argue that the railroad industry and the titans it produced had a monopolistic approach to business that actually challenged the free market system. In the end, the transcontinental railroad changed the American landscape both physically and culturally. It formed the foundation for the industrial economy, it produced new business practices and management style of large workforces. It helped established government regulations, taxation and support of public transportation. Above all it drastically changed the American lifestyle, changed where people lived, how they shopped, how they ate, and how they worked.

Birthmark Essay -- essays research papers fc

Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote a time of great change in America. In the mid-nineteenth century, Americans began to experience a shift in focus from the once nasty religious outlook to a more scientific view of the world and its inhering wonders. Americans, however, did look at these new scientific discoveries with much hesitation, questioning their semipermanent effects on society as a whole. Hawthorne s work, The Birth Mark echoes these sentiwork forcets and combine natural faith with a confidence in lore to make a very interesting tale. This tale and its morality convey a message to the reader that there is a price for tampering with the natural order of things.This story opens by explaining how educated and knowledgeable Aylmer is, and the narrator even suggests that he may have the power to alter nature. We know not whether Aylmer possesses this point of faith in mans ultimate control over nature (Birthmark, 1262 ).As Aylmer tries to use science to alter nature, or in this case , the nevus on his wifes cheek, his plan backfires and his wife dies. The death of Georgiana shows that knowledge is dangerous if used in the wrong way. The influence of the evolution of culture has caused men to educate themselves, and learn extensive amounts about science. However, some men like Aylmer take advantage of their intelligence and try to play the role of God. Aylmer allowed his mind to withdraw his heart, resulting in the senseless death of his beautiful wife. &n...

Epic of Beowulf :: Poem Poet Beowulf Essays

Beowulf, the hero of the epic poem, is not an ordinary man he is the epitome of a true hero. With the strength of thirty men in one arm, the courage to fight monsters, and the knowledge to respect and consider others feelings, Beowulf defines the word hero. As a thane of the Geats pouf Hygelac, and later as king of the Geats, Beowulf uses his courage and wisdom to help him win many battles and competitions against humans and monsters. Beowulfs list of victories consists of his swimming contest with Breca, the slaying of sea monsters, the dismembering of the monster Grendel, decapitating Grendel (or Grendels mother), and killing the dragon. However, his greatest achievement is not killing monsters, but not permitting hubris destroy him. As a good warrior and king, Beowulf always keeps his pledges/promises and obeys the laws of comitatus. Wiglaf Wiglaf, a thane of Beowulfs tribe, is some other true hero in the poem. Despite the fact that he has never fought in a battle before, Wigl af does not hide with the cowards while his lord, Beowulf, is attacked by the dragon. retrieve all the treasures and the trust Beowulf has given his men, Wiglaf bravely helps his lord who is in need Beloved Beowulf, do all well, for, long since in your youth, you said that you would not let your glory while you lived. Now, great-spirited noble, brave of deeds, you must protect your life with all your might. I shall help you. (Norton, 61) By helping Beowulf, Wiglaf also obeys the laws of comitatus and is greatly rewarded by Beowulf for his allegiance and love.Dragons They are often portrayed as evil and dangerous monsters, who eat people and burn homes. This view of the dragon is a direct result of the form of Christianity and the Bible. In the Bible, the dragon is another name for the Devil, Satan himself, the archenemy of God and Jesus. Therefore, in a Western, Christian-based society, the dragon is viewed as an ally of the Devil and an enemy of God. Besides being seen as evil monsters, dragons were also believed to have treasures, such as gold or ancient artifacts in their lair. It is for one such treasure that the battle mingled with Beowulf and the dragon starts. The BattleBeowulf, King of the Geats, who is now over seventy years old, fights his last battle.

Edwidge Danticat’s The Farming of Bones and Julia Alvarez’s In the Time

Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones and Julia Alv arzs In the Time of ButterfliesWe have all heard the saying, its a small-arms world. It egresss that our world is g overned according to a mans eyeshot and thoughts as to how the world should be run, and women gracefully bow down to this perspective and internalize those male supremacist notions of patriarchal dominance. Even with this seemingly innate belief that men have, it is still apparent at times that there is another look at that is often glossed over and ignored in the pursuit of extreme power and superiority. In Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones and Julia Alvarezs In the Time of Butterflies, we are able to dissect society through the eyes of women who have had to endure life in these societies. These women offer a fresh perspective, and they some(prenominal) challenge and tramp the patriarchal view that is most often presented in discussion about civil unrest. In the Time of Butterflies gives us a view of women who fought their own employment during unrest within their country. In fact, these women become famous because of what they do, and they create their own notoriety a spot from being linked with a man. Farming of Bones gives us a view of a woman who has to endure hardship and trials within her society and still manages to survive. She survives, although her survival is contingent upon illusion, without a male by her side to support her or to dictate her life. Through these two novels, we are able to ascertain the feelings of the women in the midst of the struggles. Throughout the novel, we see the influence that Trujillo has over the womens actions for the simple fact that he is in charge. There is a domination that men have that seeps ... ...dered the backbone of society. However, both views are tainted by remnants of patriarchy. It does not appear that these two authors are able to present women without introducing the male factor of society. While b oth texts present strong views that negotiate patriarchal nationalism and both texts consider the view of patriarchal society, it is apparent that Danticats novel gives a better view of the struggles from the true view of a woman. Alvarezs novel would appear to do so because it is in diary form coming from the direct mouths of women, but these womens stories are so tinged with the decisions that men have made over their lives that it appears that they have internalized patriarchal domination. Though Amabelles story includes patriarchal tendencies, her story is more about her and her beliefs about the society that she is forced to live in.

Essay on Hotspur as Tragic Hero of Henry IV -- Henry IV Henry V Essays

Hotspur as Tragic Hero of Henry IV In Shakespeares Henry IV Part One, the characters more different conceptions of adore govern how they respond to situations. Each characters conception of honor has a great impact on the characters standing after the play. For instance, Falstaff survived because he dishonorably faked his own death, and his assumed claim that he was the one who killed Hotspur may get him a title and land. On the other hand, Hotspur lies dead after losing a duel for honor. Hotspur, who is in many ways the ideal man by the standards of his time, is killed by his lust for honor. In creating Hotspur, Shakespeare has created a variation on the tragic hero of other works the bullet-headed tragic hero, who, dying for his fault of honor, does not at last understand his weakness. The fault of the classic tragic hero, hubris, is very kindred to Hotspurs need for honor. While hubris is ebullient pride, the quest for honor can be viewed as the quest ( of the proud ) to get more titles and accolades, more things to be proud of. In addition, Hubris and honor direct their victims to ultimate failure in a similar manner Oedipus is driven to find out the truth about his origins by his own pride right as Hotspur is driven by his need for honor to fight against the odds. Each fault is as inevitably dooming as the other the quest for honor leads to great and greater risks taken for greater and greater honors, and hubris leads to the acceptance of greater and greater risks as the proud hero cannot back down. Thus Hotspurs need for honor is similar failing to hubris, giving him that characteristic of the tragic hero. Hotspurs standing in his society is very high he is ... ...peare from other writers of the Elizabethan period and made his books exceptional. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Henry IV, Part One Blooms Notes. New York Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London Barons Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Henry IV Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Prior, Moody E. The Drama of Power muse in Shakespeares History Plays. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV, Part One, Penguin Books, Lim, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. 1987. Wells, Stanley. Shakespeare Life in Drama. New York Norton & Company, 1995.

Essay on Hotspur as Tragic Hero of Henry IV -- Henry IV Henry V Essays

Hotspur as Tragic Hero of Henry IV In Shakespeares Henry IV Part One, the characters many different conceptions of honor influence how they respond to situations. Each characters conception of honor has a great impact on the characters standing after the play. For instance, Falstaff survived because he dishonorably faked his own death, and his untrue cite that he was the one who killed Hotspur may get him a title and land. On the other hand, Hotspur lies dead after losing a duel for honor. Hotspur, who is in many ship canal the ideal man by the standards of his time, is killed by his lust for honor. In creating Hotspur, Shakespeare has created a variation on the sad hero of other works the stubborn tragic hero, who, dying for his fault of honor, does not at last understand his weakness. The fault of the classic tragic hero, hubris, is very similar to Hotspurs need for honor. While hubris is excessive pride, the request for honor can be viewed as the quest ( of the proud ) to get more titles and accolades, more things to be proud of. In addition, Hubris and honor drive their victims to net failure in a similar manner Oedipus is driven to find out the truth about his origins by his own pride just as Hotspur is driven by his need for honor to fight against the odds. Each fault is as inevitably dooming as the other the quest for honor leads to great and greater risks taken for greater and greater honors, and hubris leads to the acceptance of greater and greater risks as the proud hero cannot back down. Thus Hotspurs need for honor is similar impuissance to hubris, giving him that characteristic of the tragic hero. Hotspurs standing in his society is very high he is ... ...peare from other writers of the Elizabethan period and made his writings exceptional. kit and caboodle Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold. Henry IV, Part One Blooms Notes. New York Chelsea House, 1996. Cruttwell,Patrick. Hernry IV. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit Gale Pu blishing, 1999. Kantor, Andrea. Henry IV, Part One. London Barons Education Series, Inc, 1984. Princiss, G.M. Henry IV Criticism. Shakespeare For Students, Vol.II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Prior, Moody E. The Drama of Power Study in Shakespeares History Plays. Shakespeare For Students, Vol. II. Detroit Gale Publishing, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Henry IV, Part One, Penguin Books, Lim, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England. 1987. Wells, Stanley. Shakespeare Life in Drama. New York Norton & Company, 1995.

Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia

Analysis of Political, Economic, Legal and technological chances in Ind matchlesssia By Yohanes Randy Anggoro Student ID 1004536 Instructor Mr. Bala Subramaniam N. mental faculty Name worldwide Trade and circumspection Module Code ERCBA-209 Word Counts 2106 Due Date 7 November 2012 Content Page installation2 Brief Introduction to In makesia. 3 Political find.. 3 Economic try.. Legal hazard 6 expert Risk 6 Conclusion.. 7 Reference hark 8 Introduction Doing or augmenting vocation in Asia nowadays has become a popular trend from companies somewhat the world, many an(prenominal) big star signs based on Europe and united States of the States recently has opened a branch in Asia in assign to reach the Asia Market.The main attr process of Asia is the number of population, with approximately 4 zillion mass spread around 5 regions, consist of Northern Asia, Western Asia, South Central Asia, South East Asia, and East Asia (OneWorldNationsOnline, 2012), it is appargonnt t hat Asia has become a life-sized growing market that attracts companies around the world. More all over, other than the large growing market potential it offers, on that point atomic number 18 other benefits that a firm laughingstock stimulate by expanding trading in Asia.First of all the toil cost in some less real Asia Countries, such(prenominal) as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, is relatively train than tote cost in Western Countries, for example, England and joined States of America. Secondly, the land cost in Asia, Indonesia in particular is relatively much cheaper than in Western countries. However, scorn the benefits that boast been mentioned above, there argon some risk of infections that fate to be kn experience by a firm before deciding to expand business to Asia, Indonesia in particular.The risks itself mountain be divided by four which be, policy-making risk, scotch risk, legal risk, and technological risk. Below, there is an explanation and examinatio n about four of the risks that whitethorn swot up while expanding business in Indonesia. Brief Introduction to Indonesia Indonesia is a country in South East Asia which consists of approximately 17. 508 islands. The official name of Indonesia is nation of Indonesia. thither are 5 main islands in Indonesia which are Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan or Borneo, Sulawesi and Papua.Geographically, Indonesia is placed among Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well. crown of Indonesia is the capital city of Indonesia and is placed in Java Island. The Legal Currency in Indonesia is Indonesia Rupiah. In term of people, Indonesia has approximately 240 million of people with various ethnicities and is the quaternate close to populated country in the world. The current president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Political Risk According to Deresky (2008) Political Risk is organisation works or governmentally soak up events that rat mask a firm in the long equipment casualty.Furtherm ore, Kobrin (1979) states that political risk covers possibility of unwanted consequences created by political activity that affect foreign business. Nationalization, Expropriation and Confiscation, Terrorism, and macro instruction political and Micro political risk are the example of commonly known political risk events. Nationalization is a governmental action to consequence over a private asset to be owned and operated by the government. Next is Expropriation, Expropriation is a term to define a process of winning aside a private property for a public use.The difference between Expropriation and Nationalization may seem a bit vague, but the intentions for two toll are different. Nationalization is a process to take over a private asset by a government in order to make profits. For example is the nationalization of Netherland Enterprises by Indonesia Government after the independence war. On the contrary, Expropriation only takes private property to be employ for public, for example, a government takes over a land of a private house to be employ for highway because the public needs a highway to support the tape transport around that area.The third is Terrorism, Terrorism as defined by Ruby (2002) and Title 22 of US Code is politically motivated action perpetrate in a violent manner against common people. And the last is Macro political and Micro political risk, Macro political risk is any governmental action that affects all the international companies within the country while micro political risk is the governmental actions which only affects some of transnational companies.Moreover, it is important for a firm to know and manage prevention of any political risk that they may watch while expanding their business, without doing that matters a corporation may end up having no profits or even loss their assets while going global. In Indonesia, particular political risk events that a firm in all probability to encounter when expanding their busin ess are expropriation and terrorism. It is because Indonesia is oft considered less(prenominal) real Countries. Moreover, based on Marshall, A. and Magnowski, D. 2010) transnational companies need to give attention on Political outcomes in Asia such as current tension between China and United States over the value of China currency, the development of crisis which is rising in North Korea, and the border issue between Indonesia and Malaysia. Those issues drive possibility to affect Political situation in Indonesia. In order to measure the political risk in a country, there are some methods that ignore be done by multinational companies. The first method is computer modeling this method is used by Ameri tramp loafers Primary Risk Investment Screening Matrix.Using this method a company can predict and simulate the political risk that top executive happen in expansion target country. The Second method is Ranking Systems, with this method a company can consult with some political risks effective such as AON, who use analysis tools and experience to help minimizing the political risk. The last method is Early Warning Systems, this method emphasizes on watching primordial signs of political dangers, such as demonstration, act of violence by the citizen, the atmosphere of political situation to predict the possible political risk in the future.Basically, a multinational company can use four actions to manage the political risk. The first possible action is withdrawing their investment on a country which is likely to have a bad political event. The other way is by sharing their equity with local business. Thirdly, a multinational company can economize the ancillary and host nation be more dependent on the parent firm by controlling input, market, position and staged contribution. Lastly, a company can use the political risk insurance to ensure their safety from political risk.Additionally, Bribery is a lot practiced in Indonesia Political Environment which in some way makes the Political Situation in Indonesia become unstable. Economic Risk Economic risk refers to the risk from economy sector that may affect multinational companies to gain profit. Economic risk is vary in different countries, however it can be concluded that Economic risk in Less Developed Countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, tend to be higher than in Fully Developed Countries, Britain and United States of America for example.Some common examples for sparing risk are the changes in inflation and devaluation of the currency value, foreign investment policies, monetary and fiscal policies. According to A. M opera hat report the Economic risk in Indonesia is considered contract collect to four factors. Indonesia is ranked as the fourth country with most population in the world, having approximately 240 million people and placed bellow China, India, and United States of America. With that tally of people Indonesia has the fortune to create a big market for multinational companies.It is also stated that Indonesias Economy is considered well balanced in name of manufacture, service and agriculture. Despite those three terms, Indonesia also has considerable amount of resources such as wood, nickel, gas, oil, textile, and garment in export sector. Nevertheless, Indonesia also has a intimately trading partnership with Developed Countries in Asia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, as well as Developed Country in America, United States of America. Moreover, Indonesia is expected to have economical crop for about 6% in 2012, and 5,9% in 2013 due to healthy domestic investment and consume.The last factor is Indonesia sovereign credit ranking was upgraded to one level below investment grade in 2011. Furthermore, although there are some factors above, Economic Risk in Indonesia is still risky. There are 2 major(ip) economic risks that threatening Indonesias economy. The first one is the effect of global inflation nowadays. It is worrisome t o some extent that the global inflation get out staidly affect Indonesia economy in the long terms. As a less developed country with extremely dependence on export sector, Indonesia is highly susceptible to be badly affected by the global inflation.Second major risk is the after effect of the global inflation in the future, as the developed countries put down to recover from the global inflation, Indonesia is expected to find difficulties to recover as fast as those developed countries. Additionally, there are four ways that can be done by multinational company to assess economic risk in target country. Multinational company can measure the economic risk by analyzing the country ability to handle its debt. This large-minded of measurement is often called Quantitative method.Other way is called Qualitative method this method refers to sending a crowd of their experts to make a research about one particular country leader and their possible policies in the future. Checklist met hod is also can be done to asses an economic risk in a country this method is done using the past events to measure the possibility of economic risks in the future. Nonetheless, a multinational company can use a combination of Qualitative, Quantitative as well as Checklist methods to measure the economic risk.Legal Risk Legal Risk has the corresponding meaning with Regulatory Risk, for Multinational Companies, it refers to potential of losing assets due to some legal or regulatory issues. Legal Risk or Regulatory Risk is often related to the Legal Environment. Legal Environment is the laws that are created and operated by the government to control the business operation. Generally, Legal Environment consists of local laws and legal systems. local laws normally are varies in different countries, while Legal System is often similar.There are three types of legal systems that are stated by Deresky, H. (2008). It consists of parking lot Law, civilian Law and Islamic Law. Common Law refers to Old English Law, this kind of law uses the previous cases to determine the punishment for the current cases. In terms of iron Law for business purposes, Common Law emphasizes on writing the details on the contract to be used as a guide and make in case of disagreement in the future. The other law is Civil Law. Civil Law is a law that is originated from Roman law and often used in modern western countries.Civil Law emphasizes the defendant to prove their innocent. In term of Contract Law, Common Law affirms that promises can be implement without the need to specify the details in the contract. The last type of legal system is Islamic Law, Islamic Law is a law based on Islam Religion, and this kind of law is often used in Islamic Country. Moreover, Indonesia has its own law. Indonesia Law is originally created based on Civil Law and some customization from the Dutch who used to rule Indonesia in the past.Aside from the Legal Environment, there are some other regulatory is sues such as, hold dearionist policies, tax systems and the level of government involvement in the economic and regulatory environment. Indonesia protectionist policies such as tariffs and quotas are vary, and often changed by the government which indicates that government involvement in the regulatory and economic sector is substantially high. Nonetheless, Indonesia charges 25% of the income to be paid for the tax, according to taxrates. cc.This percentage is considered high, compared to Singapore, Indonesias neighbor country which taxes foreign corporate for only 17% of the income. Technological Risk Technological Risk is a term that refers to the potential risk to lose assets due to technological sector. Two major issues in technological risk are to protect its own technology to not be copied by its competitors and to provide the capable operator and capable environment to use the technology. Technological risk may be a concern for multinational company in Indonesia they may fi nd difficulties to find highly skilled employees there.However, labor cost in Indonesia is relatively cheaper compared to labor be in western countries. Furthermore, it is possible to create a trademark or a copyright for Indonesia. Nevertheless, it must be noticed that there are many counterfeit products in Indonesia, and it seems that Indonesia Government has lack of motivation to capture and punish the producer and the seller of those products as well. Conclusion In the conclusion, Indonesia has offered a not bad(p) opportunity for Multinational Company to expand their business there.With the constant growing market, cheap cost of labor, and the raw resources, in my opinion, it is promising for multinational company to expand their business to Indonesia. However, the potential risks in Indonesia, especially in Political and Economic sectors must be considered carefully. Nevertheless, if a multinational company manages to overcome the four risks, which are political risk, econom ic risk, legal risk, technological risk in Indonesia, it is obvious that particular company can gain a lot of profits from Indonesia.Reference List A. M. Best Company, Inc. (2012). AMB Country Risk Report (n. d. ). Available at www3. ambest. com/ratings/cr/reports/Indonesia. pdf (Accessed on 1 November 2012) Deresky, H (2008), International Management Managing Across Borders & Cultures, 6th ed, Pearson International Edition, Pearson apprentice Hall. Kobrin, S. (1979). Political risk A review and reconsideration. Journal of International Business Studies, 10(1), 67-80. Marshall, A. & Magnowski, D. (2010). Key Political Risks to watch in Asia in 2011. Reuters. online Available at http//in. reuters. com/ phrase/2010/12/21/idINIndia-53707220101221 (Accessed on 31 October 2012) One World Nation Online, 2012. World Population by Continents. online Available at http//www. nationsonline. org/oneworld/world_population. htm (Accessed on 31 October 2012) Ruby, C. L. (2002). The expositio n of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 9-14. TaxRates. cc (2012). Indonesia Tax Rate. online Available at http//www. taxrates. cc/html/indonesia-tax-rates. html (Accessed on 1 NovemberAnalysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in IndonesiaAnalysis of Political, Economic, Legal and Technological Risks in Indonesia By Yohanes Randy Anggoro Student ID 1004536 Instructor Mr. Bala Subramaniam N. Module Name International Trade and Management Module Code ERCBA-209 Word Counts 2106 Due Date 7 November 2012 Content Page Introduction2 Brief Introduction to Indonesia. 3 Political Risk.. 3 Economic Risk.. Legal Risk 6 Technological Risk 6 Conclusion.. 7 Reference List 8 Introduction Doing or expanding business in Asia nowadays has become a popular trend from companies around the world, many big firms based on Europe and United States of America recently has opened a branch in Asia in order to reach the Asia Market.The main attraction of Asia is the number of population, with approximately 4 million people spread around 5 regions, consist of Northern Asia, Western Asia, South Central Asia, South East Asia, and East Asia (OneWorldNationsOnline, 2012), it is apparent that Asia has become a large growing market that attracts companies around the world. Moreover, other than the large growing market potential it offers, there are other benefits that a firm can get by expanding business in Asia.First of all the labor cost in some less developed Asia Countries, such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, is relatively lower than labor cost in Western Countries, for example, England and United States of America. Secondly, the land cost in Asia, Indonesia in particular is relatively much cheaper than in Western countries. However, despite the benefits that have been mentioned above, there are some risks that need to be known by a firm before deciding to expand business to Asia, Indonesia in particular.The risks itself can be divided by fo ur which are, political risk, economic risk, legal risk, and technological risk. Below, there is an explanation and examination about four of the risks that may arise while expanding business in Indonesia. Brief Introduction to Indonesia Indonesia is a country in South East Asia which consists of approximately 17. 508 islands. The official name of Indonesia is Republic of Indonesia. There are 5 main islands in Indonesia which are Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan or Borneo, Sulawesi and Papua.Geographically, Indonesia is placed between Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean as well. Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia and is placed in Java Island. The Legal Currency in Indonesia is Indonesia Rupiah. In term of people, Indonesia has approximately 240 million of people with various ethnicities and is the fourth most populated country in the world. The current president of Indonesia is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Political Risk According to Deresky (2008) Political Risk is government actions or pol itically motivated events that can affect a firm in the long terms.Furthermore, Kobrin (1979) states that political risk covers possibility of unwanted consequences created by governmental activity that affect international business. Nationalization, Expropriation and Confiscation, Terrorism, and Macro political and Micro political risk are the example of commonly known political risk events. Nationalization is a governmental action to take over a private asset to be owned and operated by the government. Next is Expropriation, Expropriation is a term to define a process of taking away a private property for a public use.The difference between Expropriation and Nationalization may seem a bit vague, but the intentions for both terms are different. Nationalization is a process to take over a private asset by a government in order to make profits. For example is the nationalization of Netherland Enterprises by Indonesia Government after the independence war. On the contrary, Expropriati on only takes private property to be used for public, for example, a government takes over a land of a private house to be used for highway because the public needs a highway to support the transportation around that area.The third is Terrorism, Terrorism as defined by Ruby (2002) and Title 22 of US Code is politically motivated action committed in a violent manner against common people. And the last is Macro political and Micro political risk, Macro political risk is any governmental action that affects all the multinational companies within the country while micro political risk is the governmental actions which only affects some of multinational companies.Moreover, it is important for a firm to know and manage prevention of any political risk that they may encounter while expanding their business, without doing that matters a company may end up having no profits or even loss their assets while going global. In Indonesia, particular political risk events that a firm likely to enco unter when expanding their business are expropriation and terrorism. It is because Indonesia is often considered Less Developed Countries. Moreover, based on Marshall, A. and Magnowski, D. 2010) multinational companies need to give attention on Political issues in Asia such as current tension between China and United States over the value of China currency, the development of crisis which is rising in North Korea, and the border issue between Indonesia and Malaysia. Those issues have possibility to affect Political situation in Indonesia. In order to measure the political risk in a country, there are some methods that can be done by multinational companies. The first method is computer modeling this method is used by American Cans Primary Risk Investment Screening Matrix.Using this method a company can predict and simulate the political risk that might happen in expansion target country. The Second method is Ranking Systems, with this method a company can consult with some political risks expert such as AON, who use analysis tools and experience to help minimizing the political risk. The last method is Early Warning Systems, this method emphasizes on watching early signs of political dangers, such as demonstration, act of violence by the citizen, the atmosphere of political situation to predict the possible political risk in the future.Basically, a multinational company can use four actions to manage the political risk. The first possible action is withdrawing their investment on a country which is likely to have a bad political event. The other way is by sharing their equity with local business. Thirdly, a multinational company can keep the subsidiary and host nation be more dependent on the parent firm by controlling input, market, position and staged contribution. Lastly, a company can use the political risk insurance to ensure their safety from political risk.Additionally, Bribery is often practiced in Indonesia Political Environment which in some way make s the Political Situation in Indonesia become unstable. Economic Risk Economic risk refers to the risk from economy sector that may affect multinational companies to gain profit. Economic risk is vary in different countries, however it can be concluded that Economic risk in Less Developed Countries such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, tend to be higher than in Fully Developed Countries, Britain and United States of America for example.Some common examples for economic risk are the changes in inflation and devaluation of the currency value, foreign investment policies, monetary and fiscal policies. According to A. M Best report the Economic risk in Indonesia is considered moderate due to four factors. Indonesia is ranked as the fourth country with most population in the world, having approximately 240 million people and placed bellow China, India, and United States of America. With that amount of people Indonesia has the opportunity to create a big market for multinational companies .It is also stated that Indonesias Economy is considered well balanced in terms of manufacture, service and agriculture. Despite those three terms, Indonesia also has considerable amount of resources such as wood, nickel, gas, oil, textile, and garment in export sector. Nevertheless, Indonesia also has a close trading partnership with Developed Countries in Asia, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, as well as Developed Country in America, United States of America. Moreover, Indonesia is expected to have economic growth for about 6% in 2012, and 5,9% in 2013 due to healthy domestic investment and consume.The last factor is Indonesia sovereign credit ranking was upgraded to one level below investment grade in 2011. Furthermore, although there are some factors above, Economic Risk in Indonesia is still risky. There are 2 major economic risks that threatening Indonesias economy. The first one is the effect of global inflation nowadays. It is worrisome to some extent that the global inflation will badly affect Indonesia economy in the long terms. As a less developed country with highly dependence on export sector, Indonesia is highly vulnerable to be badly affected by the global inflation.Second major risk is the after effect of the global inflation in the future, as the developed countries begin to recover from the global inflation, Indonesia is expected to find difficulties to recover as fast as those developed countries. Additionally, there are four ways that can be done by multinational company to assess economic risk in target country. Multinational company can measure the economic risk by analyzing the country ability to handle its debt. This kind of measurement is often called Quantitative method.Other way is called Qualitative method this method refers to sending a group of their experts to make a research about one particular country leader and their possible policies in the future. Checklist method is also can be done to asses an economic risk in a country thi s method is done using the past events to measure the possibility of economic risks in the future. Nonetheless, a multinational company can use a combination of Qualitative, Quantitative as well as Checklist methods to measure the economic risk.Legal Risk Legal Risk has the same meaning with Regulatory Risk, for Multinational Companies, it refers to potential of losing assets due to some legal or regulatory issues. Legal Risk or Regulatory Risk is often related to the Legal Environment. Legal Environment is the laws that are created and operated by the government to control the business operation. Generally, Legal Environment consists of local laws and legal systems. Local laws usually are varies in different countries, while Legal System is often similar.There are three types of legal systems that are stated by Deresky, H. (2008). It consists of Common Law, Civil Law and Islamic Law. Common Law refers to Old English Law, this kind of law uses the previous cases to determine the pun ishment for the current cases. In terms of Contract Law for business purposes, Common Law emphasizes on writing the details on the contract to be used as a guide and proof in case of disagreement in the future. The other law is Civil Law. Civil Law is a law that is originated from Roman law and often used in modern western countries.Civil Law emphasizes the defendant to prove their innocent. In term of Contract Law, Common Law affirms that promises can be enforced without the need to specify the details in the contract. The last type of legal system is Islamic Law, Islamic Law is a law based on Islam Religion, and this kind of law is often used in Islamic Country. Moreover, Indonesia has its own law. Indonesia Law is originally created based on Civil Law and some customization from the Dutch who used to rule Indonesia in the past.Aside from the Legal Environment, there are some other regulatory issues such as, protectionist policies, tax systems and the level of government involveme nt in the economic and regulatory environment. Indonesia protectionist policies such as tariffs and quotas are vary, and often changed by the government which indicates that government involvement in the regulatory and economic sector is considerably high. Nonetheless, Indonesia charges 25% of the income to be paid for the tax, according to taxrates. cc.This percentage is considered high, compared to Singapore, Indonesias neighbor country which taxes foreign corporate for only 17% of the income. Technological Risk Technological Risk is a term that refers to the potential risk to lose assets due to technological sector. Two major issues in technological risk are to protect its own technology to not be copied by its competitors and to provide the capable operator and capable environment to use the technology. Technological risk may be a concern for multinational company in Indonesia they may find difficulties to find highly skilled employees there.However, labor cost in Indonesia is r elatively cheaper compared to labor costs in western countries. Furthermore, it is possible to create a trademark or a copyright for Indonesia. Nevertheless, it must be noticed that there are many counterfeit products in Indonesia, and it seems that Indonesia Government has lack of motivation to capture and punish the producer and the seller of those products as well. Conclusion In the conclusion, Indonesia has offered a great opportunity for Multinational Company to expand their business there.With the constant growing market, cheap cost of labor, and the raw resources, in my opinion, it is promising for multinational company to expand their business to Indonesia. However, the potential risks in Indonesia, especially in Political and Economic sectors must be considered carefully. Nevertheless, if a multinational company manages to overcome the four risks, which are political risk, economic risk, legal risk, technological risk in Indonesia, it is obvious that particular company can gain a lot of profits from Indonesia.Reference List A. M. Best Company, Inc. (2012). AMB Country Risk Report (n. d. ). Available at www3. ambest. com/ratings/cr/reports/Indonesia. pdf (Accessed on 1 November 2012) Deresky, H (2008), International Management Managing Across Borders & Cultures, 6th ed, Pearson International Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall. Kobrin, S. (1979). Political risk A review and reconsideration. Journal of International Business Studies, 10(1), 67-80. Marshall, A. & Magnowski, D. (2010). Key Political Risks to watch in Asia in 2011. Reuters. online Available at http//in. reuters. com/article/2010/12/21/idINIndia-53707220101221 (Accessed on 31 October 2012) One World Nation Online, 2012. World Population by Continents. online Available at http//www. nationsonline. org/oneworld/world_population. htm (Accessed on 31 October 2012) Ruby, C. L. (2002). The definition of terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2(1), 9-14. TaxRates. cc (2012). Indone sia Tax Rate. online Available at http//www. taxrates. cc/html/indonesia-tax-rates. html (Accessed on 1 November

Hippocampus

Food Memory Smells like Nostalgia chose to share a story about my past experience this summer with computer memory macrocosm triggered by taste and how the two senses work together to bring bet on a unique memory from a certain m period. During my clip from K-8 1 had a really great friend that I would always hangout with after inculcate. We would walk to his house each day after school and when we got to his house the first thing we would always do is raid the sharpness cabinet. This was no ordinary snack cabinet, it had everything you could ever dream of for a snackHis generate would further allow us to have one thing from the cabinet and then would lock it up till dinner. There was only one snack that always would chose, and it was Fruit Gushers. These little guys are a soft candy that burst when you fightinge into it. Inside the gummy candy is a little bit of fruity syrup so you can get two different textures from the one candy bite. Was so in love with fruit gushers beca use I could only get them at my friends house. My parents would never buy them for me or let me pick them out, so going everyplace to Tyler house aftershock everyday was quite a fragility and is one of my most endnotes memories.This memory was recently relived, this summer 10 years later from having Fruit Gushers friends. I had the day off from work and I was over at a different friends house playing Pollination 4. Lost contact with my friends my middle school after we split to different high schools. after a while my friend got hungry and ask me if I wanted a snack from the pantry, and of course said Sure , surprise me He comes back up stairs and he throws me a yellow package. Sure enough it was the same Fruit Gushers that I had when was younger.It was nostalgic and instantly got thrown back into time and remember all of the fun things I used to do in middle school and how life used to be without any worries. This was very arouse to me that the senses of taste and smell and tri gger long lost memories of ones life. For this project decided to do a little research to actually find out wherefore smell can trigger pas memories. My research found that after a smell enters the nose, it travels through the cranial nerve through the olfactory bulb, which helps the brain go smells. The olfactory bulb is part of the limbic system, the motional center of the brain.As a member of the limbic system, the olfactory bulb can easily access the magical, which plays a role in emotional memories (its also where the fight or flight reflex comes from) this close relationship between the olfactory and the magical is one of the origin odors cause a spark of nostalgia. It is very interesting that I found this study to be true and what was experiencing was pure nostalgia, and that is an amazing aspect of the human body, being able to relate a certain smell with a past experience in life that you normally would have forgotten.

Physician And Managed Care Contracts Essay

A contract is a legal binding agreement between two parties that is aimed to execute a certain objective. It is a kind of arrangement wherein a certain action is pledged in exchange for a specific proposition or project. In battle array for a contract to be valid, four essential elements must be present in a contract. Firstly, two parties should exist in the contract. mavin party is presenting an offer while the other party is judge the offer as a form of return for whatever specifications are requested in the contract.Secondly, the contract should indicate that both parties give their consent or are willing to enter into such an arrangement. Such intention should show that the person fine-looking the offer is capable of providing the offer, while the party accepting the offer should be able to clearly show his/her acceptance of the offer. In addition, both parties must be willing to enter an agreement without both other hidden conditions. Thirdly, a purpose or objective should be indicated in a contract. The purpose should be detailed enough to clearly show what is requested or expected in exchange for the specific offer.And lastly, adequate consideration or an adequate pry must be indicated as offer in the contract, in the form of money or in kind. The consideration or compensation can not be given to the accepting party prior to the acceptance of the offer. The act of accepting an offer constitutes a deal. Certain offers have a limited condemnation of availability, wherein an expiration date is indicated and the offer can not be accepted after the said date, unless the offer is renewed or stands indefinitely. In addition, the party presenting the offer has the right to withdraw its offer, but only before an acceptance is received.Once an offer is accepted, the contract may not be modified or revised. Changes in the offer may only be incorporated during the negotiation stage of the agreement, which then makes a contract some kind of a bargain. Similar ly, mendeleviums enter contracts with managed financial aid organizations (MCOs) or health management organizations (health maintenance organizations) in order to promote their services. The four essential elements of a contract should be carefully studied before accepting whatever offer or signing any contract.For example, as for the element of willingness and capability to enter a contract, a physician should initially must muster out the MCO/HMOs length of operation and financial stability, because this will give the physician an idea whether the company is capable to pay him at a regular schedule. In addition, it would be good to contact some colleagues who have signed contracts with the same company, in order to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the organization and to unearth any unwritten conditions or policies.The physician should also investigate the identity of the MCO/HMO, and any other parties in the contract, should there be more than two parties indicated in the contract. The near overlooked element of a contract between a physician and an MCO/HMO is the purpose or objective of the contract, which describes a several definitions of services and mountain that will be covered by the health plan, both during emergency and out-patient consultation events.A comprehensive study of the contract may possibly prevent misunderstandings between the two parties and therefore provide a clear-cut description of the services that the physician is expected to deliver. Another important element of a physician-MCO/HMO contract is the obligations of each party. It is usually indicated in the contract that the physician will actively maintain his/her medical practice documents such as licenses, certifications, registrations and permits in order to provide his/her services to patients.The physician should also inform the MCO/HMO of any modifications on his/her status as a practicing physician. In turn, the MCO/HMO presents its rules and regulations to the potential physician or health care provider working under their company. All policies, guidelines, reviews and appeals should be revealed in order to have its physicians working at the standardized might and competency. The physicians compensation should be indicated in a physician-MCO/HMO contract. Details including the amount and schedule of payment should be clearly stated in the contract.Payment modes may be in form of per diem, per case, per service or a certain percentage of the premiums. The physician, in turn, should understand the protocol for filing claims and any other arrangements or coordination with the MCO/HMO, including the limited time when these documents may be filed. The MCO/HMO should also indicate in the contract that the physician will receive his/her pay on a regular basis. A physician-MCO/HMO contract may be terminated by either mutual agreement of both parties, or with sufficient cause or reason from the physician, or without cause or reason from the physician.However, a 30-day notice is usually required before any bourne takes effect, to provide ample time for the physician to finalize any current patients, cases, services and/or referrals. Contracts are legally binding documents which must be carefully studied and considered before pursuing an agreement and letting the contract take full effect. Every contract has its specific details and all sections of the contract should be well understood and explained.

Ben Jonson Song to Celia Essay

Ben Jonsons Song To Celia shadower vary in interpretation depending on the reader. The interpretation of the poem can either be that of a man confessing his revel to a woman who rejects him or that of a man in applaud with a woman who he has had a previous, unsuccessful relationship with. Jonsons diction, rhyme scheme, rhythm, and symbolism make Song To Celia an intriguing piece which requires the reader to read creatively. Song To Celia has a undifferentiated rhythm of alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter throughout the poem.The rhyme scheme is ABCB, ABCB until a permute in line nine to DEFE with one slant rhyme pair. The change in rhyme scheme from ABCB to DEFE represents a change in the tone of the poem while staying true to its sing-song nature. From lines one through eight, Jonson uses drinking and thirst as metaphors for love and desire. In the opening line when he says drink to me, only with thine eyes, Jonson is personifying Celias eyes and metaphorically suggestin g that they are able to declare love.The recurring refer to wine and drinking implies that love is intoxicating and in line two, it is implied that a pledge similar to a toast can be made of love similarly to a promise. In line five, the speaker mentions the thirst from the soul in reference to the speakers desire to live happily in love with Celia. The speaker even says that he will give up immortality presented to him in liquid form just to be with her. Line nine presents a change in the poem. The speakers love from line nine to the end of the poem is compared to a coronal.A wreath typically represents eternity with its round shape. The diction of this poem, however, suggests that the wreath represents rejection. The wreath is a gift that the speaker sent to Celia who returned it to him. In line fifteen, the wreath grows and smells. The growth of the wreath represents the growth of love inside the speaker only and the smell signifies the lingering of Celias presence in the spea kers thoughts. Jonson makes an interesting choice by having the speaker identify a late rosy wreath on line nine.Late can either mean at night or occurring after the neat time. Depending on the readers interpretation of this line, the poem can have completely different meanings. If the wreath is considered to be sent at night, Celia has simply rejected its sender. If the wreath is considered to be sent after the proper time however, it is implied that Celia and the speaker have had previous relations with each other and that the speaker has sent the wreath in hopes of another chance at romance and happiness.By describing the wreath as withered in line twelve, it is implied that something that once existed has now died. The difference amid the hopeful, longing, intoxicated feeling of the first half of the poem with the defeat in the second half is what makes this poem profound in its telling of rejection. The use of metaphors and problematic language appeal to the readers emotion s and provoke their thoughts add to the confusion and passion of one-sided love, thus making Ben Jonsons Song To Celia an effective work in its portrayal.

16th century Renaissance

Century Renaissance Art The 16th Century rebirth st artificeed in the sasss and ended in the sasss. The art of the 16th Century Renaissance was both spiritual and worldly. The 16th Century Renaissance is when two very weighty art movements took place, high gear Renaissance and Mannerism. Every unrivalled was starting to take an interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. (The History contrast Website) They were many workman geniuses who emerged out of this art era.There were also many, grand art pieces that emerged out of this art era. At the beginning of the 16th century the High Renaissance had started. This was also the cadence when Rome replaced Florence as an art epicenter. The High Renaissance is also when artist become aw atomic number 18 of lines and depth in their artwork. This led to the discovery and the use of the one point perspective. The High Renaissance artists became illustrious for putting windows of what is behind the horizon in the background of their artworks. The High Renaissance represented artists who wanted to do art their own way.The high Renaissance started in 1480 and continued on to about 1527. The high Renaissance as in Milan, Florence, Rome, and in northern and central Italy. (Shelley Essay) This was the eon to be an artist because everyone who was wealthy wanted art. Their many artist of this time frame, but the most famous artists are Michelangelo Bonaparte, Raphael Sansei and Leonardo ad Vinci. (Art Cyclopedia) After the High Renaissance ended the Mannerism movement came about. It came about in the sasss and ended around the sasss. Mannerism was known for its formulaic, theatrical and overly stylized work.Mannerism art pieces are usually pieces of human forms in unrealistic settings. Mannerism is also known for its much limitation. This is also the time that women start being used as muses for artists. (Art Cyclopedia) It developed in Florence and Rome and then spread to northern and centr al Europe. Paintings contained artificial color and unrealistic spatial proportions. Figures were often elongated and exaggerated, the poses were creative and complex poses. whole caboodle of the movement are often unsettling and strange because of the Reformation, the plague, and the sack of Rome. The History Channel Website) There were a lot of important artist who emerged from this period, but the most famous artist would be Leonardo Ad Vinci. Leonardo De Vinci was born in 1452, in Florence and died in 1519 in France. He was an artist and inventor. He is known as the Renaissance Man because he was an inventor, scientist, sculptor, and a great artist. Ad Vinci had many famous works. One of his most famous works is the Last Supper (1495-98). The last supper is a painting of the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles. It also shows Jesus isolated, four groups of threes and Judas in the shadows clutching money. The History Channel Website) An early(a) famous piece by Ad Vinci as t he Mona Lisa(1 503-05), which is a painting of a woman. This painting would be an example of Mannerism art. Ad Vinci was also famous for the The Virgin of the Rocks (1485). Some other great artists were Michelangelo Bonaparte (1475-1564), and Raphael Sansei(1483-1 520). Michelangelo was famous for painting the Sistine Chapel ((1508-12) and sculpting the David in his native Florence (1501-04). Raphael Sansei was famous for the The School of Athens (1508-11). The School of Athens shows philosophers such as infernal region coming together.Another great artist of 16th Century was Titan Meeting of Bacchus and Ordained (1 522), he was famous for using rich luminous colors. (The History Channel Website) One of the most important art pieces of the 16th Century Renaissance was the Sistine Chapel (1508-04) architecture. The Sistine Chapel took a period of four years to paint. It was painted by Michelangelo Bonaparte. The Sistine Chapel is a painting of a few scenes of Genesis, from the bible . One of the scenes was the Creation of Adam. (The History Channel Website) Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for the Pope Sixths V.Also, along with ceilings of the Sistine Chapel, the perspective walls are festooned with frescoes of Moses and Christ and portraits of popes. (The New World Encyclopedia) Another important art piece or architecture of the 16th Century Renaissance was the SST. Peter cathedral in Rome. The old SST. Peter Cathedral was constructed in honor of the apostle SST. Peter, the first bishop and first Pope. The original was constructed by Constantine. The SST. Peter Cathedral in Rome was to be renovated, ordered by Pope Julius II. During its renovation it was directed more towards a Latin style but, then

A Long awaited Holiday

Gary Duckworth is the name he everlastingly was proud of. Listening to the alarm he opened his eyes, argus-eyed up to the bright sunny day ahead. He was more than happy to make water the day off today as it was a business day for most of the solid ground around. It was such an inner twist in which he was assigned to meet Miss. Siena for an interview. He has set everything ready at the office for him to be away from the desk. Gary came to the living room, his hands ached very energetic from the work out he had for his biceps last evening.Spending time at the gym was almostthing he always longed for. He just flexed his biceps to have a look at them in the mirror and was extremely happy with the huge budges. He enjoyed the caresses of admiring curious eyes along with words and phrases of admiration as he move about in the crowed. He went to the phone and dialed the number of Siena he needed to conform once over again that she would be available at 9. 30 in the morning at parkers of fice in vote out town Manhattan. Parkers office is in one World Trade Centre on 95th floor.He has been there quiet few times, always with Siena. The thought of Siena made him glad and gave him a sense of fulfillment. The relationship which has started as just a friendship very soon found itself with a lot of new meanings. Very soon both couldnt help seeing each other and started to miss each other more than anything. As their romantic life grew Siena grew towards being an organization than a person in the music industry. Gary chose the best attire he always thought was the white shirt with black pants and the suite.He took the train to down town Manhattan. The train ride was rather calm and easy. Very few souls were found seated in the train as it was already past the clap hour. In about twenty minutes he would be at John street subway station and can walk over to the world trade centre. 2 He was walking out of the John street station when he thought of the day ahead though it was an official encounter the rest of the day e is going to be with Siena, he was going to make sure that this is going to be a holiday in every last(predicate) its sense.He was walking up the stairs when he noticed that in all the people out at the street were looking upward in transgress or rather in curiosity. He came out and found one of the twine towers were on fire. The first thing came to his mind was that there might be an arsenal accident in one of the offices. He did not want to waist the time standing on the ground and watching the fire. He cherished to go fast and meet Siena as soon as possible. She might be worried. He heard some one saying might have been an accident it made no sense again to ask what is it.As he walked, there was the big bang, the earth shook, Gary just could not realize what was it that he could recognize the roar of people following the big noise and he could make out some thing from the crowed that it is on purpose some on is doing it they are t argeting us. Who are they? Gary never knew. It was not the safest and joyful downtown any more. Gary in no time found himself in a Warfield of innocent civilians running for life not knowing in the concrete jungles where to hide.Gary became one of them in number, ran for his life and stumped up on some thing well-fixedwasnt it a girl fallen on the street . ho knows. Run, run and run with the crowds. The objects with fire are flowing from the towers, wind taking them all around even worse that is targeting us? What are they doing? Do they want me to be dead? Who do the want to terminate? What are they up to? leave alone there be yet another explosion and one of these high raisers may fall on me too? My God where is Siena? He looked up to the importunate towers and saw the birds flying out from there but those black and white birds did not fly off. Rather just shot themselves down and splashed on the floor in red. He needed answers where is .?

Characterization in William Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” and “Macbeth” Essay

William Shakespeare is regarded by many as one, if not the greatest generator of all epoch. It is interesting to note that his success is due to his tragedies. Hamlet and Macbeth are two of his best known work. Both titles deal with the cataclysm of aristocratic people. Though, it appears that Shakespeare is sore of representing only one part of the society, he is actually talking about a very human flaw. Through the characters of his protagonists Hamlet and Macbeth, Shakespeare is suggesting that the real tragedy is represent within ones self.Initially, Shakespeare had characterized Macbeth as a brave warrior. The wounded captain tells the audience that Macbeth was wounded in the battlefield, suggesting that he had fought bravely. But as the speckle progresses, the audience discovers that he is less admirable. This is immediately noticeable when Macbeth had met the witches. The witches told them that Macbeth would be the thane of Cawdor. Although, Macbeth says he does not want to think of the prophecy because the thane of Cawdor is still alive, he seems to ponder on the thought, the thane of Cawdor lives why do you dress me in Borrowd robes?There is a hint of irony in Macbeth words. It is like he wants to be thane of Cawdor only says he does not. Aside from mere false modesty, the audience would learn that Macbeth harbors within himself some self-doubt. If it was not for Lady Macbeth, Macbeth could have not done anything that he is certain he wants to do. On the other hand, Hamlet seems to be a more flawed character than Macbeth. He is constantly thinking about how to kill Claudius and deal revenge for his father. However, when he got his first chance to kill Claudius, he made a pass on the chance to do so.When Hamlet caught Claudius in prayer, he did not kill Claudius be cause he thought his fathers murderer might go to heaven. Perhaps a helpful reference to use is the famous to be or not to be? That line is a succinct description for Hamlet as he always contradicts himself. Shakespeares talent for being able to describe the complexity of the human brain, had made his works classics. Shakespeare seems to be more fond of the flaws of the thought process rather than physical flaws. That is in opposition to earlier works by other authors such as Oedipus Rex, where the protagonist has a deformed foot.Shakespeares protagonists are most of the time described as well-to-do. Both Hamlet and Macbeth are even admirable in the initial portions of their respective stories. But Shakespeare reveals that their flaws is on how they think. With Hamlet and Macbeth always contradicting themselves, a tragic conclusion seems inevitable. But their real tragedy is not because one would go insane and the other would be mortally wounded. Hamlet and Macbeths tragedy is that they themselves are the antagonists to their respective goals.

August Rush Themes Essay

Music is each(prenominal) around all you have to do is listen. Quoted Evan Taylor in the ending scene of August Rush. August Rush was a boy who discovered the power of music in his journey to find his parents. His giftedness was a useful tool in his accomplishments, that can be seen by means ofout the movie. His giftedness did non guarantee conquest in that he would need the right resources, demand, and a fiddling hardwork obtain it.To begin with, giftedness cant guarantee success, if the right resources are not available. Resources forego you to blot your giftedness, so without them your giftedness is not recognized, and therefore, success is not obtainable. Resources are the key to success. The boys home that Evan Taylor lived in, before his removal, did not say the resources for him to channel his giftedness. In August Rush, Evan Taylor was given many resources, after his removal from the boys home, in which he stop up in a church with a piano, a theatre full of street peasant performers, and facing the opportunity to take classes at Julliard. The classes at Julliard enabled him to obtain the ability to compose a firearm inspired by all the sounds he has heard and believes will lead him to his parents. At Julliard, Augusts talent was truly acknowledged and set free, but it was first discovered when he encountered the street kids.With all these resources he was able to embrace his gift and share it with the world. The resources that he acquired on his journey prompted his growth in his naturally gifted music abilities. Secondly, guaranteed success from giftedness, I believe requires motivation. A person who seems to be naturally gifted cannot be guaranteed success, if they do not want success. A person who is naturally gifted and is motivated will achieve success because they want success. August Rush had motivation, so therefore he achieved success in the movie. His motivation was to find his parents, from whom he was disconnected 11 years ago , and that motivation enabled him to achieve his success. motivating is a vital fixings in all acts of achieving success.A lack of motivation also infers a lack of encourage and a lack of want for success. People who are not motivated do not normally achieve success. The road to success requires motivation to continue the journey. Augusts motivation and longing to find his parents is what kept him going throughout the movie. Movitation is much needed is any other factor in achieving success. Lastly, giftedness is not automatically offer guaranteed success, but success does automatically offer guaranteed hard work.In my opinion, success cannot be achieved with only giftedness, it has to also be accompanied by hard work, motivation, and resources. Giftedness does not allow you to be lazy and achieve success that others, who are not gifted, work their hardest to obtain. advantage does not come up God-given, along with your God-given abilities. Even gifted people have to work toward s success as those who have not been gifted. Being gifted allows you to understand concepts and learn new things faster than others, but does not guarantee you success.Success does not work in this way. Success can never be guaranteed if you are not automatic to put in the hard work and effort for the long-haul. In conclusion, success is not automatically guaranteed through giftedness. Do not let your imagination run wild that giftedness is the free ticket to success because it near definitely is not. All success requires a undersize effort. Anything can be achieved with the right resources and a little hard work and motivation.

Challenges in Managing Multinational Company Essay

Assalamualaikum, One of the common challenges faced by Malayan international company is cultural variety. ending is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society. It is the way, for example in which its member eat, dress, greet and divvy up one another, teach their children, solve everyday problems, and so on ( Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn 2003). Cultural diversity in employment refers to the range of differences between individuals in an organization.It affects the way in which batch feel, think and act, and frequently, battalion either food waste to see it, or dont want to see it. People from different countries always cod different tradition and attitudes towards business. Some company decides to expand their organization globally but unsuccessful because they flush it to realize one important thing. They do not change their organization to adapt to the new country. Malaysian multinational company plenty be successful if they evolve into a diverse organ ization which employs mass from diverse culture.An world(prenominal) company needs to pull in the host market. In order to have break down understanding of host market, an international market needs to employ locals. Hence, in employing local resident international organization opens its doors to cultural diversity. When cultural diversity is not properly maintaind, it caused problem, mistakes, and conflicts will arise. I believed that to make Malaysian multinational company successful, it is important that they embrace the fact that the world today has no boundaries.Cultural diversity in workplace and elsewhere should be respected. Employees skills, talents, ideas, and values mustiness be developed and improved. An organization must be able to capture the energy and ideas of all mployees in order to meet the challenges of the competitive marketplace. I also believed that Malaysian multinational company can be successful when it comes to managing diversity if they managed to bring people together from different cultural backgrounds and form a collaborative group.As future manager, the key to manage the cross-culture challenges is through developing respect for every person, regardless of his or her cultural background. They should also learn to be more open-minded. Instead of Judging people, they must learn to accept that every individual is unique and everyone can contribute to the success of the organization. Advancement in science and technology and the liberalization of trade under the Asean turn Trade Area and World Trade Organization (WTO) create an economic opportunity as well up as new challenges to Malaysian multinational company.Malaysian nowadays is emerging towards a technology-driven and amply-tech production-based convention of development in order to meet the challenges of the competitive global marketplace. Although Malaysias competitiveness rating has improvements. The accessibility of skilled gentle capital in Malaysia is not suf ficient for technological development to progress. Malaysian shallow and universities do not turn out to be problem solver and do not father skilled, innovative graduates as technology companies demanded.Compare to China and India which produce tens of thousands of graduates per year, while Malaysias talent kitty is tiny in comparison. Companies that do not keep up with technological changes soon will muster their business outdated. This will result on missing new products and market opportunities. Demographic is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, gender, race, occupation, and other statistics. The demographic environment is a major interest to marketers because it involves people and people make up market.The worlds population is growing at a very high rate. The worlds large and diverse population uncovers great opportunity as well as challenges. Thus, for Malaysian multinational company to enter certain market, they must keep close tracks o n demographic trends and development in their market, both home and abroad. In example, if Malaysia multinational were to enter Indian market, they need to understand the trends and dramatic changes in demographic data in determining arketing decisions, to identify opportunities and to anticipate declining demand.The continuously change magnitude urbanization, rapid growth and use of electronic media have brought changes to the lifestyle and consumption attitudes in urban areas in India, known as middle-class population which has made some essential socio- economic changes -rapidly increase accent mark on higher professional education, family system from Joint families to nuclear families (BiJapurkar,2007) and exposure to western lifestyle and customs. These factors created increasing demands of ariety quality of products and services, in example, branded clothing, restaurant, home appliances, travel, and so on.In some countries, government baulk affects the function of the mult inational companies. It is a challenge that Malaysia multinational company has to face in the direction of going global. Conflicts and misunderstanding between multinational company and host country government has occurred in recent years.. Government interference takes the form of tariffs, quotas, and other non-tariff restrictions. The threat of nationalization (forcing a company to sell its local assets to the government or to other local ationals) or changes in local business laws and regulations can limit a multinationals power.Examples can be taken from the case of China restriction towards multinational company. According to saucily York Times, companies that have operated exclusively in China for years are being targeted with discriminatory policies. Contracts involving state secrets or business secrets are reserved for Chinese companies and Chinese bureaucrats have been given broad latitude to boot out companies with foreign owners even if the company has been set up in Ch ina and have all of its operations in the country. Tenggiling Puitis a. m. n

Critical Review of Poor-Bashing: The Politics of Exclusion Essay

Social struggles and cultural crisis have been the subjects of various binds over the years. They have resulted into an teemingness of works done by social and theoretical experts as well as literary and media practitioners. wholeness connection crisis that these writers have discussed is the foreshorten of scantness, the pack involved in this situation, and the issue of forgetful-bashing they are cased with. However, that a few of these sources have really created their work using their ingest or personal experiences.The stance coming from good deal who belong to the demand block is significantly helpful and useful. This is because their personal experiences and battles ignite the see for truth and manifest the real issue that the misfortunate people are the targets of a well-designed and orderly causal agent of discrimination and exploitation. All it needs is a real presentation and argument of the issue for the public to commit that these inadequate people do n on welcome being blamed for a moderate that just now society dictates. Included in these first-hand writers is Jean Swanson (2001) who tackled the existing yet unfamiliar issue of shortsighted-bashing in her concord entitled Poor Bashing The Politics of Exclusion. Swansons presentation of poverty, particular(a)ly misfortunate-bashing, is a well-attested discussion that turned step to the fore to be a depiction of the real emotional expressions of the poor people and the authors own cry from her heart. The book is a passionate disclosure by anti-poverty activist Swanson of poor-bashing, a condition of the society that continuously fails to claim general information despite its existence and utilization as an anti-poverty tool for the prehistoric two decades. A seasoned anti-poverty activist, Swanson employed her personal experiences and various interactions with the rest of the poor people in her country to present the real issues brought about by poor-bashing. According to S wanson (2001), the term of poor-bashing hides the actual origins of poverty and the imposition it inflicts to poor people. It degrades the employed people while taking away the pressure and responsibility from the recondite members of the society. The Swanson book critically presents a new approach of writing poverty with the provision of the personal stories, ideas, and analysis of the poor about poverty. The book disputes the position that there is no one to be blamed for the condition of the poor people but themselves. The book serves as an expressive style of poor-bashing which was introduced in our terminology use and traditions. It is withal an instrument for academic progress and direction (Swanson, 2001). The term poor-bashing was defined by Swanson as a condition when poor people are pictured, neglected, accused, sponsored, sympathized, and wrongly blamed for being intoxicated, and contented of having big yet refractory families and settling as unemployed individuals d epending on the social welfare and financial attention from the government.Aside from the utter societal presentations, the poor people are likewise subjected to poor-bashing by the institution. A manifestation of low financial assistance rates for the promotion of social welfare is a type of poor-bashing by the establishment. Swanson added that having or allowing the existence of poverty when the society can possibly do away with it is also another poor-bashing kind. Poor-Bashing The Politics of Exclusion critically looked into how low-income people and even those belonging to below poverty line are marginalized and maltreated by the state, media and the integrated world. However, Swanson pulled off some entertainment when she pictured how the term poor-bashing, which was used to represent people who are underage on financial assistance and benefits, actually better fits to demonstrate the behavior of the sluggish sizable members of the society.In presenting the many points o f the book, Swanson featured several realistic voices and emotions of the poor, such as those of individual(a) mothers, a side that has not been focused on by other works. These single parents are made to experience poor-bashing when they are shown as people struggling to give food, clothes, and shelter to their kids because of an unforgiving and unacceptable financial condition. The structural and personal poor-bashing of single mothers denied them the chance to decide better for themselves and their children, thereby negatively affecting their way of living. An interview by Swanson with a single mother revealed that the latter did not prefer to be financially dependent and always on the welfare of other people. According to Swansons interpretation, the society where the single mother belongs and her partner in particular are the ones that actually put her life and that of her children where it is now. The poor-bashing applied to single mothers is just one of the pieces of evidenc e of the roomy gap between the spicy and the poor.Accordingly, in Swansons country (Canada) and in most parts of the world, statistics proves that the poor people tend to share only a small percentage of wealth while the rich people enjoy the biggest portion. It is generally perceived that people who have a share as that of the rich are assured of a dependable education and stable job. This is not because poor people are legally restricted to be a part of the majority, but it is because there are laws that are manifestly in favor of the rich than the poor. This results in more options and opportunities available for the rich than for the poor. Swansons book unveil the orientation of poor-bashing in a clean, strong manner. 1 example is the authors analysis of how the media, curiously the reporters, function when they cover and tell stories about poverty. Swanson called this as the media poornography where the media utilizes many attacks to get and present poverty stories. In the book, media poornography depicts poor people as sufferers. Swanson said that this is part of the journalistic approach to putting a face on the caper. However, this media portrayal does not change the problem. This is because the said media approach fails to determine the real causes of poverty. Charity, financial aid, and welfare dependency offered to poor people oftentimes do not offer a solution to the poverty problem. Despite the strengths of the book and that of Swansons arguments, they did not allow readers to draw their own conclusions and realize for themselves the main points of the issue of poor-bashing. Instead, the author dwells and banks on rhetorics about the need to solve the problems of classism, racism and sexism. Although these issues are valid, they made the book flavor and look out of focus. The non-stop utilization of poor-bashing term or affiliation, apparently to picture evident situations pertaining to the problem, actually created a feeling for the public to be subjected to reader-bashing. This is simply because the book is all but representation of the poverty problem and poor-bashing in particular but without drawing a definite solution on how to address the said condition. The book which depicts the poor as unworthy, lazy, possibly involved in criminal acts and a threat to stability of the society deviate attention away from the real problem of poverty. This is because it diverts the true reasons of poverty and unemployment into the poor people who are presented as victims of inequality. The books individualization of the causes to poverty and unemployment distracts focus on the actual solutions to the problem.These realities take on legalities and corporate decisions that are designed to produce and promote the undermining of wages and employment conditions of the poor. The book turns out to be just an endless discussions of who are the poor yet deserving people. This eventually encourage self confinement instead of self-estee m among poor people. Even the books presentation of the creation and multiplication of boodle and wealth among the undeserving rich is overdue and uncalled for. In challenging poor-bashing, it should be understood by the poor that they are not to be blame for their conditions. There are factors to be considered such as an apprehension of the economic system that actually cause poverty and how treatment of poverty is supported by the government. One must learn and realize that there is enough profit and wealth to end poverty, for both the rich and the poor to share.People in turn, should benefit from poor-bashing and poverty. Poverty is a condition that entails government policy and the poor people that are subjected to poor-bashing actually benefits because they become cheaper in the labor market. Sometimes, the poor has to challenge bashing created not by poverty but by the condition resulting from the conditions of racism or sexism. The poor just have to dispute the depictions cr eated by the term, myths, media, and the government. Instead of stating proposals to address poor-bashing, the book should have encouraged the poor people to understand the vestigial policies of the government, corporations, and media. These plans of action actually create confusion and exclusion and promote inequality and the feeling of blame. It is essential to mix crusades about poor-bashing with alliance against racism and other negative conditions of the society. It requires a lot of understanding and ultimately the need to build an organization of thoughts and actions.A concrete step is to end the kind of notion and feeling that convocation people into being poor or those on welfare dependency. This will not justify treating them earnestly and blaming them for poverty. There should be an end to blaming poverty to the poor or other oppressed people. In this manner, an pliable and effective policies, laws, and economic system can be worked out that will allow poor people to productively compete against each other. Poverty should have a different and justifiable image. In the end, solvent poor-bashing requires addressing the issues of unequal distribution of wealth and income among all members of the society. With this, putting the blame of poverty on the poor would be stopped.ReferenceSwnson, J. (2001). Poor-Bashing The Politics of Exclusion. Toronto Between the Lines.

American civil war

The southernmosteastern States of the get unitedly States dep completionent upon agriculture as a source of foreign and domestic exchange and therefore held a disconfirming feeling near abolition of thraldom. Nevertheless in hostel to save the image of the musical composition as a legal binding document that granted meltdom to all Abraham capital of Nebraska together with the financial backing of the yoke states felt that liberal source of labour was much more(prenominal) profitable both(prenominal) to the economy and cultivatedization of the United States.The cotton and tobacco producing states felt oppressed by the antislavery tactical maneuver of the federal official g everywherenment and promptly seceded since the federal g everywherenment was acting beyond the provisions of the administration in abolishing slavery and therefore in response decided to secede from the nitty-gritty for independence since they considered the cores constitution less unconditional t o case-by-case states constitution. thereof the American civil warfarefare was about(predicate) the issue of different views about free labour against slavery and the subsequent supremacy of the Unions constitution over individual states independence. The Union established the 13th amendment act that abolished slavery by allowing all men to be free and at liberty to and in order to economize the constitution that formerly paradoxically upheld slavery, Abraham capital of Nebraska had support the Unions war against the pro-slavery south (Cornell University Institute, 2010).The federal governance had its quarters at the Washington D. C. objet dart the Confederation has it headquarter at Virginias Richmond. The Unions economy was organized and well established through the promotion of industries and use of immigrants as industrial workers and the general population turn the south cotton and tobacco states derived their economic subsistence from agriculture with over five million slaves.The Republican Party believed in democracy and referee regardless of ethnicity as a fundamental right under the auspice of the constitution-consequently in order to hold dear the supreme constitutions aspirations to promote a coherent and democratic America the Union had to fight the gray militia that were against the Union swan and abolition of slavery (Stampp, 1981, 144).Religious, cultural and intellectual freedoms were being undermined in the South against the Union political relations principle of the 13th amendment act and the allowed slavery was denting the image of US in Europe that widely perceived the presence of slavery to as a sign of inability at heart the Unions government to act.Economically, the Union benefitted from the Union government economic policies and taxation more than the confederation. Therefore it was a mandatory economic issue that the United States had to be kept together despite the civil war through proper conflict resolution that would tell the economic models of the North America disperse to the south in order to end the former economic disparities between the two regions.The economic judge of the United states in the international market was dependant on the union more than a divide America that would soon enter into worse civil unrest realities and fierce interstate rivalry of ideologies and apparitional views that would have torn American into pieces as the American enemies projected as a mechanism to kick upstairs colonize and control the economic power of the vast continent. Lincoln as the president had the right to preserve the Union from disintegration due to diverse political views in order to look in control (Stampp, 1981, 192).Military aggression of the southerners was well advanced to inflict damage in courage and sustainable conquest tactics due to the recently concluded Mexican war experience to use the horse and the gun more effectively. Also, the North as the government knew that they were dis advantaged in military action and therefore the war had to be fought with a common ground that would help in enlisting more soldiers to defeat the south (McWhiney, 1984,170).Therefore the Union was aw be that in any case the southern aggression had to be suppressed if the power of the Union government under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln was to be recognized with respect as a legally binding Union. Therefore President Lincoln referred to the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation as the last card, and I Lincoln forget play it and may win the trick. And therefore we must make that proclamation effective by victories over our enemies. Since Its a paper bullet, after all, and of no account, except we can sustain it (Don, 1862)-thus the president and the union were practice session a crucial and political will by suppressing the southern insurgency that threatened to break by the United State into meaningless defragmentation that would soon shrivel up in economic and political disparity .The south secede was politically seen as a form of annexation against the United States and Lincoln would have departed down the history as the president who broke the Union. Consequently, the Union had a political right to nourish the US from becoming desolate in the face of the determined southerners who believed in offensive wars that have umpteen advantages purely defensive ones will always end with submission and that the greatest minds in the South are coming to the conclusion, that our liberties are to be win by the knife.Those regiments or companies that most distinguish themselves in bayonet charges will march on the true road to honor and preferment (McWhiney, 1984, 144) such propaganda in the general media put up the Union government into task of either preventing the escalating confrontation by the Confederation or face impendent alienation. Therefore the preservation of the Union was quite dependant in the military power of the Union over the south as the civil war was already in progress. The south seceded from the war after the choice of Abraham Lincoln as the president of the United States.The southern economy was dependant on agriculture. With the large outdo growing of cotton, slaves and land conservation was necessary. The slaves were needed since they were a source of cheap labor on the whitened farms. As opposed to the south, the norths economy dependent on industrial production of absolute goods thus the slaves was not needed in the production. This meant that the southern life was based on the plantation and unshakable system while the northern life was based in the cities.The southerners who benefited from agriculture were pleased to go to war with the aim of attaining independence as they thought the war would take a short time and they would recognise out victorious as they were better skilled fighters than the northerners. However, since the war showed no sign of coming to an end while the northern seemed to be taking a ll the advantages, the northern felt the need to guard and keep abreast their land against any force especially the northern thus leading to most abandoning the fighting to and protect their properties at home.( Kelly 2010) The war of states versus federal rights led to the emergence of two camps within the government whereby each valued to be in control over the other. After the American Revolution, a weak federal government formed by thirteen states called for a strong constitution since problems were on the rise. The frequent problems led to the surreptitious creation of the US constitution by the leaders.Due to the absence of any(prenominal) key leaders same doubting Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry during the constitution making, it was felt the constitution had failed to put in mind the states rights of acting independently whereby a state would decide whether to accept or refute federal rights. This led to the idea of nullification that would see the freedom for states to rule the federal act as either unconstitutional or not. The southern states were for the woof of each state making its own law instead of the central government. This was nullification as campaigned for by people such as John C. Calhoun who greatly advocated for the nullification.When nullification failed to succeed, the southern states felt disrespected and uninvolved in the government issues. The southerners then opted for the secession as an option (Kelly2010). Land gained from the Louisiana Purchase and Mexican war saw the Americans posses vast tracks of lands. This led to the big debate as whether the new states acquired could be treated as slaves or Free states. The 1820 Missouri compromise solved the issue by proclaiming that slavery was illegal while other alternates suggested several awareness programs for the slaves as the federal government was to compensate the slave owners.The south was unexpended to rethink its alternatives on the issue of slavery where it picked on benefits versus cost in deciding the fight. (Michael 1996)Another conflict arose as to what would happen to the conquered lands after the war. The 1846 Wilmot Proviso by Wilmot David proposed that the land should be slave free a hightail it strongly opposed in a debate. Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 that caused the freedom to have slaves or not in the two states led to a lot of blood shedding to the states.The wrangles led to the south withdrawal from the government as they felt they were being ignored. The growth of the abolition movements by the northerners against slavery while proclaiming the negative impacts of slavery led to the increase in number of anti slavery supporters especially from the outside nations who sympathetically joined in the slavery abolition movement thus favoring the north against the south to the extent of living the south in war that eventually saw the south loose over the north. (Kelly 2010).Though the victory of Lincoln in the elections saw the sou th in the state of South Carolina declare a secession thought process that Lincoln was who was a presidential candidate from the north was elected so as to favor the interests of the anti slavery people from the north thus he could not serve their interests . The southerners further thought that they could pretermit their land to the northern who were now in control of the whole state thus causing some men in the battle ground feign excuses to get back home and manage their possessions.States like South Carolina stated the reason for secession being constitutional violation under Lincoln to which the Union saw as a form of political annexation against the presidency and the founding fathers view about America (Michael 1996). In conclusion the war that was sparked off by the issue of slavery in order to protect the supremacy of the Union constitution against the literally annexation of the United states by the South was won and the servitude done away with.Remarkably, President Lin coln preserved the Union and established a better syllabus that allowed the integration of the economic value of the United States as one nation. References Don E. and Virginia E. Fehrenbacher, editor, Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln garner from Charles Sumner to John Bright. August 5, 1862 McWhiney, G. (1984). Attack and Die Civil contend Military Tactics and the Southern Heritage. University of aluminum Press. ISBN 0817302298, 9780817302290 Stampp, K. (1981). The Imperiled Union Essays on the Background of the Civil War.Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0195029917, 9780195029918 Cornell University Institute. (2010). 13th Amendment. Legal Information Institute. http//topics. law. cornell. edu/constitution/amendmentxiii Michael B. (1996). Lincolns election and the south. Retrieved May 8, 2004 from http//www. h-net. org/south/archives/threads/lincoln. html Kelly M. ( 2010)Top Five Causes of the Civil War Leading up to Secession and the Civil War Retrieved May 8, 2004 from http //americanhistory. about. com/od/civilwarmenu/a/cause_civil_war. htm

How Does An Ems Work Environmental Sciences Essay

An tremendous impart of development in industrial sectors all over universe typically consequences in a bout figure of environmental jobs in proportion with the development. An Environmental Management System ( EMS ) is a model, which is designed to serve organisations in the precaution, smashment and give of environmental earth presentation. EMS is portion of steering system of an brass section, where a distinctly set out construction of an judiciary, duties of staff, processs, be aftering activities, resource allotment for exe kinkion, development and pass onment of mark of environmental policy committednesss needs specifying. EMS is designed to understate environmental impact, to utilize resources more efficaciously, to do concern productivity long-run, to better repute of an validation, to follow with environmental ordinances and statute laws, to better its fiscal send off by cut downcasting fees for insurance, regulative license fees, to better staff morale, sta keholders relationships etc. The environmental impact varies between politicss, plainly by and large it is emanations, waste, energy use, ingestion and conveyance of stuffs. Impacts on wildlife and nature is a consequence of increase clime alteration factors all over the universe, which is lead by contaminated land, air and H2O.In the seventies and 1980s many administrations established their ain set of ordinances as a response of questions in environmental statute law. In the 1990s the International Organisation for Standardisation ( ISO ) introduced international criterions ISO14000 as portion of organisations direction systems. In 1992 the British Standard Institute published BS7750, which was the first national criterion for an environmental direction system. The intentional criterions help an administration or industry of any size to accomplish betterment of environmental public presentation by puting a specific environmental direction system. The work of an administration harmonizing to the criterions makes light(a) marks and aims of environmental policy, and identifies activities that significantly impact the environment.Cardinal elements of an EMSThe Model of an EMS consists of four phases Planning, Doing, Checking and Acting.Planning is the procedure of environmental injury designation by an administration, rating of environmental impact and the constitution of appropriate aims. It is necessary for an administration to reexamine its present stock list of environmental activities and place environmental facets, applicable environmental ordinances and instructions. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the environmental facet is an component of an administration s activities, merchandises or services, which can interact with the environment ( ISO 2004 ) . Designation of environmental facets starts with the survey of activities, merchandises and services of an administration, which affects environment or which leads to environmental impact. All secondant face ts should be considered to set up environmental aims for environmental policy and determine operational control and action in the manner to better environmental public presentation. Significant environmental facets should be stated in policy to set up environmental aims and marks. Identification and direction of environmental facets leads to important environmental betterment. Environmental Policy is a statement, which is to take liability to the implementation and direction of EMS. Identified and assessed important impacts of an administration are the chief elements of an environmental policy, which is of import for set uping environmental marks and aims. It can be really utile to affect employees in this procedure, for simile to carry on brainstorming Sessionss, because there can be ascertains that can easy cut down the environmental impact. Aims and marks should be specific, accomplishable and mensurable. During and after feat of an EMS, alteration and rectification of the m arks and aims should be portion of the monitor and supervising procedure. Environmental policies should be apprehensible by every employee and employer of an administration to accomplish the marks and aims of the administration.Doing is the execution procedure of the externalise to understate environmental impact and hazard of an administration. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the disposal of an administration should name a particular, trained direction representative to sanction execution of the EMS. The EMS representative is responsible for monitoring, measuring, reporting of EMS public presentation to head direction and control activities that become important environmental impact. The EMS representative should in any case collaborate with others to modify EMS as needed. All staff, whose activities can do important environmental impact should be trained on important environmental issues. Relevant staff should be trained on environmental policy, fatality, accomplishment of environm ental marks, specific EMS functions and duties, the environmental impact of their occupation activities and effects in instance of relevant staff non following their relevant EMS duties. All processs and instructions to command important environmental impact and to place possible accidents, which could hold an impact on the environment must be clarified and documented. Activities of every employee corroborate an impact on the environment and every employee should hold good thoughts associating to their experience about the betterment of environmental public presentation. That s why it s really of import to develop communicating in an administration by regular staff and safety meetings, suggestion boxes, newssheets etc. Effective communicating may supporter an administration s EMS execution to actuate people, better apprehension of environmental policies, functions and duties, importance of environmental public presentation betterment and placing possible for betterment. The cardin al function of disposal is to render resources to employees, which are necessary for an EMS plan execution.Some people, such as clients, registrars, and authorities administrations can be interested to cognize the EMS design and execution of the administration. For these grounds, every administration should hold an EMS manual or EMS description papers. Documentation is one of the of import factors of heavy EMS direction. EMS paperss should be revised on a regular basis by responsible forces, who will do alterations as and when required.Certain operations and activities should be monitored and controlled to pull off important environmental impact and to guarantee that the processs implements to accomplish marks and aims. Operational control processs should be documented, particularly those where breach could take to important environmental impact.The possibility of accidents and incidents ever exist, even in malice of the best execution of an EMS theoretical account. Decrease of hu rts, breastwork of environmental impact, protection of employees and understating losingss can be done by effectual preparation and readying to exigency state of affairss. The readying for exigency state of affairss can be provided by capacity appraisal for incidents and accidents check steps on these accidents and incidents, related to environmental impact doing programs and processs to react to exigency state of affairss regular control and monitoring of the programs and processs and understating environmental impact related to these accidents and incidents.All EMS executions, processs and instructions should be continuously revised and updated.Checking is the judgement procedure, which assesses the effectivity of the plan and evaluates how execution of the plan meets plan aims. The assessment procedure is based on monitoring and measuring of environmental public presentation betterment of an administration. inherent audits are measuring whether the EMS of an administration meets the demands of ISO14001. Internal environmental hearers should be trained on appropriate issues. The effectivity of an EMS mostly depends on monitoring facets, which deals with disagreements of criterions. observe and measurings helps an administration to measure environmental public presentation, conformity by the legal demands, place jobs, analyze finalize causes of jobs, happening ways to rectify jobs and bettering public presentation and effectivity. Identification and probe of jobs and their causes allows an administration to do disciplinary and preventive steps for the hereafter. Prevention of jobs is by and large far more cost-efficient than repairing them after the fact. prove of a on the job EMS is records. Record direction seems a bureaucratic procedure, but on do administrations need to supply EMS execution grounds to the 3rd parties ( e.g. clients, some authorities administrations and the populace ) . Administration of an administration decides what records sho uld be kept, how and how long to maintain them. It s really of import to stress needed EMS records to show execution of environmental public presentation betterment.Regular audits can be peculiarly valuable by provision nonsubjective grounds that an EMS is implemented harmonizing to the demands. Regular audits critically evaluate the effectivity of EMS execution, consistently place and spot to disposal of administration on a deficiency of EMS execution. It provides a great chance to better activities on EMS execution, better environmental public presentation and do the system more cost-efficient.Acting is based on the appraisal procedure to take action for continual betterment of an EMS, which is performed by caput direction. The policy of EMS, objectives, marks and action programs must be reviewed annually by members of the Environmental Management Committee. Results of the EMS execution reappraisal should be reported to head direction, demonstrate to staff and happen out marks, aims, related actions and other elements of EMS that need to be changed. Management reappraisal is an of import cardinal component of an EMS for continual betterment, which besides provides a great chance for EMS execution to be effectual and low-cost. The procedure of a direction reappraisal should affect competent people, who have appropriate cognition and experience and who are decision-makers of the administration. All direction reappraisal meetings should be recorded and supply inside informations on what issues were discussed and what determinations and actions are selected for implementing.